Atomic Number 8 Element Facts

Oxygen, element symbol O, is the element that is atomic number 8 on the periodic table. This means every atom of oxygen has 8 protons. Varying the number of electrons forms ions, while altering the number of neutrons makes different isotopes of the element, but the number of protons remains constant. Here is a collection of interesting facts about atomic number 8. Atomic Number 8 Element Facts While oxygen is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions, element 8 is actually quite colorful! Liquid oxygen is blue, while the solid element may be blue, pink, orange, red, black, or even metallic.Oxygen is a nonmetal belonging to the chalcogen group. It is highly reactive and readily forms compounds with other elements. It is found as a pure element in nature as oxygen gas (O2) and ozone (O3). Tetraoxygen (O4) was discovered in 2001. Tetraoxygen is an even more potent oxidizer than dioxygen or trioxygen.Excited oxygen atoms produce the green and red colors of the aurora. Although air consists mainly of nitrogen, atomic number 8 is responsible for most of the colors that we see.Today, oxygen makes up about 21% of the Earths atmosphere. However, air was not always so highly oxygenated! A 2007 NASA-funded study determined oxygen has been present in air for about 2.3 billion to 2.4 billion years, with levels starting to rise 2.5 billion years ago. Photosynthetic organisms, such as pl ants and algae, are responsible for maintaining the high oxygen levels necessary for life. Without photosynthesis, oxygen levels in the atmosphere would fall.Although hydrogen atoms are the most numerous type of atom in the human body, oxygen accounts for about two-thirds of the mass of most living organisms, mainly because cells contain a lot of water. 88.9% of the weight of water comes from oxygen.Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, and British scientists and clergyman Joseph Priestly researched and discovered oxygen between 1770 and 1780. Lavoisier first called element number 8 by the name oxygen in 1777.Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe. The element is made by stars around 5x more massive than the Sun when they reach the point where they burn carbon or a combination of helium in carbon in fusion reactions. Over time, the abundance of oxygen in the universe will increase.Until 1961, atomic number 8 was the sta ndard for the atomic weight of the chemical elements. In 1961, the standard was switched over to carbon-12.Its a common misconception that hyperventilation is caused by breathing in too much oxygen. Actually, hyperventilating is caused by exhaling too much carbon dioxide. Although carbon dioxide can be toxic at high levels, its needed in the blood to prevent it from becoming too alkaline. Breathing too quickly causes blood pH to rise, which constricts blood vessels in the brain, leading to headache, slurred speech, dizziness, and other symptoms.Oxygen has many uses. It is used for oxygen therapy and life support systems. It is a common oxidizer and propellant for rockets, welding, cutting, and brazing. Oxygen is used in internal combustion engines. Ozone functions as a natural planetary radiation shield.Pure oxygen is not, in fact, flammable. It is an oxidizer, supporting combustion of flammable materials.Oxygen is paramagnetic. In order words, oxygen is only weakly attracted to a m agnet and does not maintain permanent magnetism.Cold water can hold more dissolved oxygen than warm water. The polar oceans contain more dissolved oxygen than equatorial or mid-latitude oceans. Essential Element 8 Information Element Symbol: O State of Matter at Room Temperature: Gas Atomic Weight: 15.9994 Density: 0.001429 grams per cubic centimeter Isotopes: At least 11 isotopes of oxygen exist. 3 are stable. Most Common Isotope: Oxygen-16 (accounts for 99.757% of the natural abundance) Melting Point: -218.79  °C Boiling Point: -182.95  °C Triple Point:  54.361  K, ​0.1463  kPa Oxidation States: 2, 1, -1, 2 Electronegativity: 3.44 (Pauling scale) Ionization Energies: 1st:  1313.9  kJ/mol, 2nd:  3388.3  kJ/mol, 3rd:  5300.5  kJ/mol Covalent Radius: 66 /- 2 pm Van der Waals Radius: 152 pm Crystal Structure: Cubic Magnetic Ordering: Paramagnetic Discovery: Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1771) Named By: Antoine Lavoisier (1777) Further Reading Cacace, Fulvio; de Petris, Giulia; Troiani, Anna (2001). Experimental Detection of Tetraoxygen. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 40 (21): 4062–65.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.Weast, Robert (1984).  CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing.

Seabee Scholarship Essay - 848 Words

As my high school career ends, I notice increasingly how much life that I have yet to live and the opportunities available to me in the years ahead. The past four years have been great preparation for my future endeavors, but college is the path leading to my full potential. In order to reach the end of this path, I utilize my most valuable trait—determination—to set short and long-term goals and achieve them. It is with this â€Å"can do† spirit—like the one my grandpa, a former Navy Seabee, evinces through his stories—that I have set my personal goals: to volunteer my time in service to others, further develop leadership skills through experiential learning, and excel at my school work no matter how challenging it may seem. Though these may†¦show more content†¦My third goal addresses this constant need for improvement with the philosophy that the only way to improve is through gains in knowledge and wisdom. To meet this goal, I must dive into my studies and reap all that there is to ascertain from them. These three interconnected goals alongside my optimistic attitude connect me to my future because they lay the path toward its realization. During college, I plan to major in physics and mathematics, but I expect to take a wide variety of courses to maintain my well-rounded nature. With this broad background and focus on personal goals, I feel confident that I will meet my career objective and dream of becoming a physicist. How do my goals provide the means to meet my objective? My avid pursuit of volunteerism encourages me to maintain a career path on which I may develop technologies that will help people. Once I obtain employment, I hope to be able to utilize my leadership skills on the job site as an expert in my field; however, in order to obtain that employment initially, I must complete college and graduate school, which will require that I excel in my classes. If I achieve my goals, I will certainly set myself up to successfully meet my ultimate objective. Everything that I de sire hinges upon the quality and depth of my education. Completing high school is merely the beginning of a much longer journey during which I will receive an enormous

Politics and The English Language George Orwell´s...

The persona which Eric Arthur Blair fabricates through George Orwell, meticulously implements a paradoxical set of literary devices throughout his thesis, which has arguably forged him as one of the greatest social commentators of modern history. The thesis which spans over the body of Orwell’s work extrapolates upon the integral influence that writing has on society and to reinstate the integrity of the writer. Orwell’s essays have sparked a plethora of adverse and auxiliary opinions regarding the imperishability of his work, from those whom believe that his efforts are archaic, to those who believe that his craftsmanship of language addresses issues which had once been hidden. No matter what side of the social spectrum one categorises†¦show more content†¦In this way, Orwell then begins to correlate the fact that â€Å"language merely reflects existing social conditions†, engaging the reader by defining the main problems which plague modern literature, as they move away from concreteness and a tendency to â€Å"gum together long strips of words which have already been set in order by someone else.† To demonstrate this, Orwell illustrates how words like â€Å"Democracy† which is embedded with positive connotations yet is â€Å"often used in a dishonest way.† Roger Fowler critics on Orwell’s masterful use of his own unique style in â€Å"Language of George Orwell† by stating that Orwell is an â€Å"omniscient author† and that his â€Å"style connotes authority and passionate rectitude† yet simultaneously, Orwell satirically exemplifies the subject matter which he opposes by writing as a â€Å"pastiche of a genre of political speaking, the rhetoric of totalitarian lying.† These strategies employed by Orwell regarding the influence of writing on the masses is accentuated through our contemporary realm, especially in regards to the concept of â€Å"Doublethink† which Orwel l specifically amplified through ‘Democracy’, how one can agree with two contradictory viewpoints simultaneously due to the exploitation of forced positive connotations implied by the superpowers. 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Study Rationale free essay sample

Music is everywhere. It may come from different places in the world. New innovations of instruments, new musical forms or new breed of musicians exist based on the cultural influence on a particular area. Randall is an ensemble of the Philippines consisting of plucked string instruments with percussion. The size of a Randall can vary; while a small ensemble might feature eight or so instruments a large ensemble can comprise more than 30.The major Randall Instruments are the bandanna(14- string lute with a flat black Laud (Lute), Octavia (small guitar), guitar and the double bass. Smaller ensemble might include one of each instrument and omit the Octavia and laud, while larger ensemble increases the number of instruments included rather than the types (Mendoza, 2001). Ramona Santos, a composer and head of the Musicological Society of the Philippines said that Filipino Randall represents a national heritage that Is locally unique yet globally connected. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Rationale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A tradition that evolved from the Spanish compare standstill, the Randall has been adopted, modified and developed by the Filipino to express a national folk life and social environment (motherlands. Com/dir/_page/101006/index. PH). Randall music in the Philippines has been present through many decades and has had continued success in the major sectors of society like in schools, church and some government sectors. Different styles, genres and techniques have been done to improve the music of Mondale.Randall of Zebu, being a promising and hopeful music Is still growing In numbers and Is vastly being promoted to schools and the different sectors of the city. Hence, different musicians from all corners of Zebu specifically the Randall conductors have a great role in developing the Randall music of the city. The conductor, being the core or the head of an ensemble, and the players as well, plays a major role in making the music right.The purpose of this research is to know the story, Its existence and the development of the Randall of Zebu. Theoretical Background The Randall is an ensemble of stringed instruments played with the plectrum or pick and generally known as plectrum instruments. It originated in Medieval Spain, especially in Catalonia, Argon, Marcia, and Valiance. The tradition was later taken to Spanish America and elsewhere. The word Randall is from the Spanish rondo, meaning serenade. (http://en. Wailed. Org/wagonload).Spain brought the Mondale to the Philippines In the sasss. An ensemble of plectrum Instruments, the early Philippine Randall repertoire consisted primarily of Western European symphonic overtures and arias from operas. Its compatibility with native Philippine music allowed the Randall to figure prominently in Filipino rural community life, providing accompaniment to folk dancing and singing as well as the featured ensemble (http://disseminative. Bloodspot. Com).